Revolutionary war battle map - Watch the Revolutionary War Animated Map. This 18-minute video chronologically follows the war’s events from Lexington & Concord to Yorktown. Read about The Intolerable Acts and the Boston Massacre to learn why the colonists took up arms against Great Britain.

 
In February of 1779, American Col. George Rogers Clark besieged the far frontier town of Vincennes held by the British. After two days of the siege, British commander Lt. Col. Henry Hamilton surrendered to the Patriots. …. Slot game online free

Rev War | Battle Map. Yorktown | Sep 28 - Oct 19, 1781. Yorktown, Va. Yorktown | Sep 28 - Oct 19, 1781 (October 2020) American Battlefield Trust. In 1781, American and French troops laid siege to Yorktown, …Battles of the Revolutionary War Map. by National Geographic Society. 4.5 out of 5 ... Dec 16 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. Arrives before Christmas Only 16 left in stock (more on the way). AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR BATTLEFIELD MAP 1775-1781 AUTHENTIC REPRODUCTION ON HAND-FINISHED ANTIQUED PARCHMENT … New York. Patriot victory: Sons of Liberty capture muskets, bayonets and cartridge boxes from the armory at City Hall. Capture of Fort Ticonderoga. May 10, 1775. New York. Patriot victory: Patriots capture British posts at Ticonderoga and Crown point. Battle of Chelsea Creek. May 27–28, 1775. Massachusetts. The lakes offered an attacker an avenue of advance, while a defender could fortify strategic points along the waterways. On May 10, 1775, the American force silently rowed across Lake Champlain from present-day Vermont and captured the fort in a swift, late-night surprise attack. In reality, the fort had fallen into disrepair and the undersized ...Battle Begins. Battle of Harlem Heights. On September 16, Washington was in considerable anxiety at the inability of his troops to stand up to the British and Germans of Howe’s army. Step by step, the Americans were being driven off the island of New York. Washington now held only the northern plateau of the island, around the fortification ...Fort Ticonderoga. Though Fort Ticonderoga was famous as the “Gibraltar of North America,” the stone star fort provided the staging grounds for the one of the first American victories in the Revolution, and an important staging ground for the Saratoga campaign. After the fighting began to move to the Southern Theater, the strategic ...All Revolutionary War Battles ... Full Revolutionary War Map. Rev War | Battle. Great Bridge Virginia | Dec 9, 1775 Result: American Victory Est. Casualties: 103 American: 1 British: 102. Rev War | Battle. Breach Inlet Sullivan's Island, South Carolina | Jun 28 - …The Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence, began on April 19, 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The former began with a skirmish on the v...The Northerners, fighting on the defensive, suffered fewer casualties at Ezra Church. Howard's Army of the Tennessee, although failing to reach the railroad, closed the battle with fewer than 650 men lost. Confederate casualties will never be confirmed, but a reasonable estimate would be more than 2,800 men, possible reaching 3,000.Concord, MA. Lexington & Concord | British Retreat | Apr 18-19, 1775 (October 2020) American Battlefield Trust. By the time the British arrived at the North Bridge, a force of almost 400 colonial militiamen from Concord and the surrounding area had gathered on the high ground across the Concord River. The Minute Men formed up …The Chosin Reservoir, located in North Korea, holds significant historical importance due to the Battle of Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War. Navigating this vast and challeng...Shortly after the bloody fighting at the Battle of Freeman’s Farm on September 19, 1777, General John Burgoyne wanted to renew his assault on the American position. Before he ordered the assault though, he learned that General Sir Henry Clinton in New York City was going to make a move up the Hudson and attack some of the American forts in the lower …America’s independence was secured in South Carolina across its swamps, fields, woods and mountains. These events of 1779-1782 directly led to victory in the Revolutionary War. We call this history The Liberty Trail. The Liberty Trail—developed through a partnership between the American Battlefield Trust and the South Carolina Battleground ...Ticonderoga, NY. Fort Ticonderoga | July 2-6, 1777 (August 2022) American Battlefield Trust. Land around Fort Ticonderoga has been associated with the French & Indian War and Revolutionary War —the scene of an …November 16, 1776. August 18, 2021 • Updated August 24, 2021. Perched on the highest point on Manhattan Island near the most northern tip, the location of Fort Washington was picked by the senior military brass of the Continental Army in the summer of 1776. This included General George Washington who surveyed the spot in late June 1776.Home. Early North Carolina: Colonial Era and Revolutionary War. Column Paragraph. If you’ve seen a North Carolina license plate recently, you’ve probably noticed the slogan “First in Freedom.”. That refers to the Halifax Resolves, the first official cry for independence from a colony. Learn more about the 1776 Halifax Resolves on NCpedia.Apr 20, 2023 ... From the Lexington Green on April 19, 1775 to the events surrounding New York City in 1781, the Northern Campaign of the American Revolution ...America's Wars 1754-1945 Animated Map. French and Indian War to World War II. For years, the American Battlefield Trust has been releasing Animated Battle Maps to help … Revolutionary War. From the Lexington Green on April 19, 1775 to the events surrounding New York City in 1781, the Northern Campaign of the American Revolution lasted for over 6 years until General George Washington moved south to the Siege of Yorktown, ultimately leading to American victory. Watch the battles of the Revolution come to life ... The American Battlefield Trust In4 Video The Revolutionary War: Animated Battle Map Name: Date: Student Questions| The Revolutionary War: Animated Battle Map Battlefields.org 6) Which American victory convinced France to formally sign an alliance with the United States? _____ Strategic Thinking for a Difficult Stock Market I have been writing quite a bit recently about the tug-of-war in the market between the bulls and bears. The bulls have been mostly ...The Civil War was a pivotal moment in American history, and its outcome was influenced by a variety of factors. One lesser-known but significant event was the Battle of Kolb’s Farm...Concord, MA. Lexington & Concord | British Retreat | Apr 18-19, 1775 (October 2020) American Battlefield Trust. By the time the British arrived at the North Bridge, a force of almost 400 colonial militiamen from Concord and the surrounding area had gathered on the high ground across the Concord River. The Minute Men formed up …The Battle of Cooch's Bridge, also known as the Battle of Iron Hill, was fought on September 3, 1777, between the Continental Army and American militia and primarily German soldiers serving alongside the British Army during the American Revolutionary War.It was the only significant military action during the war on the soil of Delaware …Feb 19, 2024 ... American Battlefield Trust New 13K views · 18:45. Go to channel · The Revolutionary War: Animated Battle Map. American Battlefield Trust•3.3M .....Many of the locations where he and the Continental (American) Army marched, encamped, and fought battles are still here to be explored. Throughout the years of the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), the lives of New Jersey citizens were dramatically affected by the events of the war which went on around them.View or download video on Vimeo. See the Revolutionary War unfold, from Lexington to Yorktown and beyond, on our animated map, produced by Wide Awake Films in partnership with the American Battlefield Trust.Dec 24, 2019 ... Dec 24, 2019 - Map of major battles of the American Revolution with text boxes for student descriptions. ...Back in July, YASA (formerly Yokeless And Segmented Armature), a British electric motor startup with a revolutionary “axial-flux” motor, was acquired by Mercedes-Benz. The acquisit...The American Battlefield Trust's official Animated Maps collection, bringing the battles of the American Civil War, Revolutionary War and War of 1812 to life, ...Battle Begins. Battle of Harlem Heights. On September 16, Washington was in considerable anxiety at the inability of his troops to stand up to the British and Germans of Howe’s army. Step by step, the Americans were being driven off the island of New York. Washington now held only the northern plateau of the island, around the fortification ...Thompson’s Station, the site of the main Confederate battle force, was in the southern sector of the field. North of town, Confederate pickets defended a pair of hills that rose on either side of the Turnpike. The main Union force camped north of these hills. Moving forward at 8 a.m., Coburn’s Federals pushed stubbornly towards the ...The two armies eventually met in the dense woods known as the Wilderness. The fight would prove deadly for both sides, and after 48 hours of intense combat, neither was the victor. Despite the outcome, Grant did not retreat. To the relief of President Lincoln and the joy of his men, the general continued his advance toward …Title Brigadier General. War & Affiliation Revolutionary War / Patriot. Date of Birth - Death c. 1732 - February 27, 1795. Francis Marion was born around 1732 in Berkeley County, South Carolina—the youngest of six children born to Gabriel and Charlotte Marion. His father, a Huguenot, had fled religious persecution in France prior to 1700.When he eventually left, he encountered Confederate cavalry outposts on February 18th, 20th and 21st, and on February 22nd became engaged in a running battle with Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's cavalry in and around the village of Okolona, halfway to Meridian. Dismounted and behind barricades, the Union cavalrymen were hit hard in front and ...The Northerners, fighting on the defensive, suffered fewer casualties at Ezra Church. Howard's Army of the Tennessee, although failing to reach the railroad, closed the battle with fewer than 650 men lost. Confederate casualties will never be confirmed, but a reasonable estimate would be more than 2,800 men, possible reaching 3,000.MUSHAGO - Mapping the American Revolution. This is a map that shows the major battles of the American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783.February 27 - Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge - North Carolina. March 3-4 - Battle of Nassau - Bahamas. June 28 - Battle of Sullivan's Island (Charleston) - South Carolina. August 27-30 - Battle of Long Island - New York. September 16 - Battle of Harlem Heights - New York. October 11 - Battle of Valcour Island - New York.Revolutionary War History Brief, West Point. M oving an army in Revolutionary America was a daunting task; roads, where they existed, were little more than cart tracks and the terrain was rugged. Both armies used water as a means of transportation. British dominance at sea shifted the struggle for transportation to the rivers and waterways that crisscrossed …The general daringly led his men across the icy Delaware River and on a ten-mile march into Trenton, New Jersey, where they surprised a garrison of 1,500 Hessians. The Americans dominated the fight and prevailed again in Princeton a week later. In these battles, Washington demonstrated his ingenuity and resilience as a leader, won the …2. Civil War | Battle. Chattanooga. Hamilton County and City of Chattanooga, TN | Nov 23 - 25, 1863. 3. Civil War | Battle. Ringgold Gap. Catoosa County, GA | Nov 27, 1863. Our Battles of Chattanooga page includes history articles, maps, battle facts, and other historical resources for this important 1863 Civil War campaign in …The Liberty Trail (September 2021) American Battlefield Trust. For over three decades, the American Battlefield Trust has worked tirelessly to preserve hallowed ground from the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, and Civil War, resulting in the permanent protection of more than 53,000 acres of battlefield land in 24 states to date.Oct 29, 2009 · Saratoga: Revolutionary War Turning Point (1777-78) Stalemate in the North, Battle in the South (1778-81) Revolutionary War Draws to a Close (1781-83) The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also known ... Overview of the Revolutionary War; The First American President: Setting the Precedent; African Americans During the Revolutionary War; American Revolution Timeline; Winter at Valley Forge; Revolutionary War Battle Map; Battles « Battles; Battles; Bunker Hill; Trenton; Lexington and Concord; Saratoga; Yorktown; Brooklyn; Charleston; All ... Tour Central North Carolina in Three Days. Bentonville Battlefield State Historic Site, N.C. David Davis. Central North Carolina is home to variety of historic sites that encompass the first hints of revolution in 1771 to the final days of the Confederate Army during the Carolinas Campaign in 1865, and many historic moments in between.HISTORICAL MAP | The Battle of White Plains, New York on October 28, 1776. HISTORICAL MAP | The Battle of White Plains, New York on October 28, 1776 ... Revolutionary War Battle Map; Battles « Battles; Battles; Bunker Hill; Trenton; Lexington and Concord; Saratoga; Yorktown; Brooklyn; Charleston; An American counterattack on the British right forced the Redcoats to fall back and reorganize. Cornwallis then led his men in attack on Greene’s division. Supported by artillery, Greene’s men stiffened their line and repulsed Cornwallis and his troops. The fighting see-sawed back and forth under the brutal June sun for several hours. The clash of the villainous Ferguson against the hardy Overmountain Men and other backcountry revolutionaries took place on October 7th, 1780 at King’s Mountain. A detachment of approximately 900 Overmountain Men fought in the battle. As both American and British forces were uniformed, the Americans distinguished themselves by …American victory. One of the most decisive American battles of the Revolutionary War, Saratoga ended British general John Burgoyne's attempt to control the Hudson River Valley. The outcome convinced the Court of King Louis XVI that the Americans could hold their own against the British Army, sealing the alliance between America and France.SC Revolutionary War Battles. Battle of Yamacraw Bluff / Rice Boats - March 2-3, 1776 - battle took place along the Savannah River. Also known as the Battle of Williamson's Plantation. This excellent essay explains how South Carolina's Scots-Irish backcountry settlers turned the tide of the American Revolution in the South.The Battle of Ramsour's Mill took place on June 20, 1780 in present-day Lincolnton, North Carolina, during the British campaign to gain control of the southern colonies in the American Revolutionary War.The number of fighters on each side of the battle is still an issue of contention, but Loyalist militiamen (many of them German Palatine emigrants and settlers …The Americans chased the unnerved Tory forces for seven miles. The assembled loyalist force saw more than 100 men killed or wounded. The patriots took 40 prisoners and captured 50 horses, without a single loss. The cruelty the American cavalry force inflicted during the brief battle has been called a massacre by some.Massachusetts | Apr 19, 1775 - Mar 17, 1776. Following the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord in April 1775 that began the American Revolution, the British Army under Thomas Gage retreated to the safety of Boston. Soon the victorious Patriot army besieged the British army, which lasted well into March 1776, when the British finally evacuated ...Sep 20, 2023 · Charleston, South Carolina, was one of the most important cities in the United States during the Revolutionary War. Charleston (at the time called Charles Town or Charlestowne) was one of the wealthiest cities and the fourth largest city in the American colonies, with about 12,000 inhabitants. Much of the wealth in Charleston was generated from ... Revolutionary War History Brief, West Point. M oving an army in Revolutionary America was a daunting task; roads, where they existed, were little more than cart tracks and the terrain was rugged. Both armies used water as a means of transportation. British dominance at sea shifted the struggle for transportation to the rivers and waterways that crisscrossed …The collection represents an important historical record of the mapping of North America and the Caribbean. Most of the items presented here are documented in Maps and Charts of North America and the West Indies, 1750-1789: A Guide to the Collections in the Library of Congress compiled by John R. Sellers and Patricia Molen van Ee in 1981. The …American victory. One of the most decisive American battles of the Revolutionary War, Saratoga ended British general John Burgoyne's attempt to control the Hudson River Valley. The outcome convinced the Court of King Louis XVI that the Americans could hold their own against the British Army, sealing the alliance between America and France.other report tried to pinpoint the location of the Revolutionary. War battlefield of Kettle Creek. A contemporary newspaper account gave its location as ...In the American Revolutionary War, the rebellious American colonists turned these symbols of royal power into a critical weapon in their struggle for independence. After the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, the British had retreated back to the city of Boston.After more than a week of bombardment, the assault finally came on the 14th of October. Alexander Hamilton and the Vicomte de Viomenil each led 400 American and French troops against the 9th and 10th redoubts, just south of the British inner defenses. Heavily outnumbered, the British and Hessian soldiers stood as valiantly as they could against ...The Americans chased the unnerved Tory forces for seven miles. The assembled loyalist force saw more than 100 men killed or wounded. The patriots took 40 prisoners and captured 50 horses, without a single loss. The cruelty the American cavalry force inflicted during the brief battle has been called a massacre by some.The Battle of Long Island. August 27 , 1776 at Long Island, New York. Map of the Battle of Long Island. The Battle of Long Island (aka Battle of Brooklyn and the Battle of Brooklyn Heights) was the first major battle of the war to take place after the United States declared its independence on July 4, 1776. It was a victory for the British and ...New York. Patriot victory: Sons of Liberty capture muskets, bayonets and cartridge boxes from the armory at City Hall. Capture of Fort Ticonderoga. May 10, 1775. New York. Patriot victory: Patriots capture British posts at Ticonderoga and Crown point. Battle of Chelsea Creek. May 27–28, 1775. Massachusetts.South Carolina | Feb 11 - May 12, 1780. In December 1779, the British Commander-in-Chief in America, General Sir Henry Clinton, left New York City with a fleet of ninety troopships, fourteen warships, and more than 13,500 soldiers and sailors. Sailing for Savannah, Georgia, Clinton planned to rendezvous with a force commanded by Lieutenant ...November 16, 1776. August 18, 2021 • Updated August 24, 2021. Perched on the highest point on Manhattan Island near the most northern tip, the location of Fort Washington was picked by the senior military brass of the Continental Army in the summer of 1776. This included General George Washington who surveyed the spot in late June 1776.The Civil War remains the bloodiest conflict in American history. Follow the events as they unfold — from the firing on Fort Sumter, to the single bloodiest day at Antietam, to the Confederate surrenders at Appomattox … Visit: Fredericksburg Battlefield, VA. When President Abraham Lincoln learned of the Union defeat at Fredericksburg in December 1862, he responded, “If there is a place worse than hell, I’m in it.”. Lincoln’s horror was understandable. At Fredericksburg Confederate General Robert E. Lee won one of his most decisive victories, inflicting ... Newtown | Aug 29, 1779. On the morning of August 29, 1779, American General John Sullivan led a force of about 4,000 soldiers on a mission to destroy an Indian settlement that had been established at Newtown. Sullivan’s men advanced on the breastworks constructed by British Colonel John Butler and Indian Chief Joseph Brant, manned by …Feb 13, 2020 · Battles of the Revolutionary War: 1776. Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge: February 27, 1776 Battle of the Cedars: May 15-16, 1776 Battle of Sullivan’s Island: June 28, 1776 Battle of Long Island (Battle of Brooklyn): August 27, 1776 Battle of White Plains: October 28, 1776 Battle of Fort Washington: November 16, 1776 Battle of Trenton ... The maps were created by the United States Military Academy's Department of ... American Revolution · Napoleonic Wars · War of 1812 · Mexican War · ... This war was followed quickly by King George's War, the American theater of the European War of the Austrian Succession, which brough the French in on the side of the Spanish. Both conflicts concluded in 1748 with an uneasy peace which few observers thought would last. They were correct. This era was marked by rising tensions, military ... The Battle of Ramsour's Mill took place on June 20, 1780 in present-day Lincolnton, North Carolina, during the British campaign to gain control of the southern colonies in the American Revolutionary War.The number of fighters on each side of the battle is still an issue of contention, but Loyalist militiamen (many of them German Palatine emigrants and settlers …Hoosick Falls, NY. Bennington | Aug 16, 1777 (June 2020) American Battlefield Trust. In the summer of 1777, British Gen. John Burgoyne’s army moved south from Canada as part of the overall British strategy to divide New England from the rest of the rebellious American colonies. The British commander’s army was slowed by poor roads as well ...Arriving first, d’Estaing began offensive operations against the city on September 16. When fully assembled, the Allied force numbered over 5,000 men. Defending Savannah was a force of more than 3,000 men under the command of General Augustine Prevost. On the morning of October 9, the Franco-American Allies launched a major assault.The American Battlefield Trust's map of the War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans, January 8, 1815. In a sweeping defeat of British forces, the Battle of New Orleans was a victory that would boost American nationalism after the War of 1812 and be forever enshrined in American memory. In the winter of 1814 and 1815, British troops under General ...Description. This historical map was created by H. C. Robertson in 1898 as part of a series illustrating the history of the United States. This map shows what the United States looked like after the Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War in 1783. As part of the treaty, the United States received a large territory from Great Britain.SC Revolutionary War Battles. Battle of Yamacraw Bluff / Rice Boats - March 2-3, 1776 - battle took place along the Savannah River. Also known as the Battle of Williamson's Plantation. This excellent essay explains how South Carolina's Scots-Irish backcountry settlers turned the tide of the American Revolution in the South.On September 11, 1777, General George Washington was determined to prevent the British from capturing the American seat of government, Philadelphia. Taking up positions along Brandywine Creek, Washington mistakenly believed that his army blocked all fords across the Brandywine. Opposing Washington was Sir William Howe and an army of 15,500 ...Introduction- The Revolutionary War began with the Battles of Lexington and Concord, and concluded years later at the Battle of Yorktown. We have already ...Tour Central North Carolina in Three Days. Bentonville Battlefield State Historic Site, N.C. David Davis. Central North Carolina is home to variety of historic sites that encompass the first hints of revolution in 1771 to the final days of the Confederate Army during the Carolinas Campaign in 1865, and many historic moments in between.Ticonderoga, NY. Fort Ticonderoga | July 2-6, 1777 (August 2022) American Battlefield Trust. Land around Fort Ticonderoga has been associated with the French & Indian War and Revolutionary War —the scene of an …

America’s independence was secured in South Carolina across its swamps, fields, woods and mountains. These events of 1779-1782 directly led to victory in the Revolutionary War. We call this history The Liberty Trail. The Liberty Trail—developed through a partnership between the American Battlefield Trust and the South Carolina Battleground .... Emmet til movie

revolutionary war battle map

Arriving first, d’Estaing began offensive operations against the city on September 16. When fully assembled, the Allied force numbered over 5,000 men. Defending Savannah was a force of more than 3,000 men under the command of General Augustine Prevost. On the morning of October 9, the Franco-American Allies launched a major assault. The general daringly led his men across the icy Delaware River and on a ten-mile march into Trenton, New Jersey, where they surprised a garrison of 1,500 Hessians. The Americans dominated the fight and prevailed again in Princeton a week later. In these battles, Washington demonstrated his ingenuity and resilience as a leader, won the loyalty ... There were approximately 25,000 people who died during the American Revolutionary War. The war began with the Battle of Lexington and Concord, on April 19, 1775, and lasted until t...Enjoy learning about our nation's Revolutionary War against Great Britain, the conflict that gave birth to the United States of America. Our collection of animated …Trenton, NJ. Trenton | Second Battle | Jan 2, 1777 (October 2020) American Battlefield Trust. After the stunning victory at Trenton on December 26, Washington expected a British counterattack and withdrew back to the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River. With many of the state militia enlistments set to expire, Washington pleaded with his ...Heath Springs, SC | Aug 6, 1780. The Battle of Hanging Rock occurred on August 6, 1780, as part of a Patriot drive to reclaim the southern colonies after the siege of Charleston, South Carolina. The Americans attacked the minimally defended British outpost at Hanging Rock, South Carolina, hoping to dislodge the British from the South.Fort Ticonderoga. Though Fort Ticonderoga was famous as the “Gibraltar of North America,” the stone star fort provided the staging grounds for the one of the first American victories in the Revolution, and an important staging ground for the Saratoga campaign. After the fighting began to move to the Southern Theater, the strategic ...Battle maps of the Revolutionary War depict troop movements and other logistical details outlining the course of particular military campaigns or engagements. The collection also features more …Oct 10, 2017 · Saratoga | Oct 10-17, 1777 (November 2019) American Battlefield Trust. The American victory over the British at Saratoga in autumn of 1777 changed the course of the Revolutionary War. British General John “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne believed the Hudson River Valley was "precisely the route an army ought to take" to crush the American rebellion. The French Revolutionary Wars ( French: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802. They pitted France against Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and several other countries. The wars are divided into two periods: the War of the ...The Battle of Germantown was a major engagement in the Philadelphia campaign of the American Revolutionary War.It was fought on October 4, 1777, at Germantown, Pennsylvania, between the British Army led by Sir William Howe, and the American Continental Army under George Washington.. After defeating the Continental Army at …On the morning of August 19, 200 mounted Patriots arrived near Musgrove Mill, the key to the local grain supply and the site of a Tory outpost. The Patriot force consisted of Georgians under Colonel Elijah Clarke, South Carolinians under Colonel James Williams, and a group of “Over Mountain Men” from present-day Tennessee commanded by ...Battle of Lake Champlain. After the campaign of 1777, the British controlled Lake Champlain for the duration of the Revolutionary War. The British naval fleet provided transportation and support for raids into the Champlain and Mohawk valleys from 1778 to1780, and served as supply vessels for the British posts at the northern end of the lake.As the soldiers continued the march, a 5,000-acre plot of land unfolded in front of their vision. The area was known to locals as Valley Forge. Due to the geographic outlay of the land and the forge in operation gave the name Valley Forge. European inhabitation stretched back to the turn of the eighteenth century in the surrounding area..

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